- Holland; Zeeland; Flanders; Utrecht; Den Brill; Brussels; Antwerp; The Hague; Madrid
- States General of the Netherlands
- The United Provinces
- Walloon
- Philip II of Spain
- Council of Trent
- The Jesuits
- Letters from the Segovia Woods (1566)
- The Escorial
- Moriscos (expelled 1609)
- Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis (1559)
- Battle of Lepanto (1571)
- Miguel de Cervantes; Don Quixote
- Don John of Austria
- Eighty Years’ War (1568-1648)
- Beeldenstorm (1566)
- Margaret of Parma
- Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva; Council of Blood
- Count of Egmont
- William the Silent, Prince of Orange
- Watergeuzen
- Spanish Fury
- Pacification of Ghent (1576)
- Union of Arras; Union of Utrecht
- Duke of Anjou
- Henri IV de Navarre de Bourbon (r.1589-1610)
- Act of Abjuration (1581)
- Treaty of Nonsuch (1585)
- Treaty of Vervins (1598)
- Edict of Nantes (1598)
- Twelve Years’ Truce (1609)
- The VOC
- The Military Revolution