The following have appeared as essay questions:

• How did Calvinism affect town life in the 16th and 17th centuries?
• How is the so-called capitalist spirit connected to Calvinism?
• Why did Charles V wait nearly twenty years before going to war against Luther and the heretical princes in his empire?
• Explain the goals of the Buntschuh rebellions of the 1520s and what they tell us about social and economic conditions of the day.
• The historian Heiko Oberman has written the following about Martin Luther: “His whole life was a war against Satan.” How is such a statement justified? Provide two specific examples to back up your point.

The following have appeared as short answer questions:

• How did Calvin differ from Luther with regard to the authority of the state?
• Explain the importance of Philip Melanchthon to the German Reformation.
• What were the social and cultural implications of adopting Protestantism? Provide specific instances where Catholic and Protestant communities diverged during the 16th century.
• Provide examples from Western Europe between 1400-1600 in which underlying social, political, or economic discontent combined with a religious message to create a powerful force for change.
• What social problems does Thomas More address in Book One of Utopia.
• Give two reasons for inferring that Thomas More never expected anyone to take seriously the surface content of Utopia.
• What impact did Lutheranism and Calvinism have on music?

The following questions have appeared in multiple-choice sections:

• Later denounced as an instrument of despotism, this court was used by Henry VII to deal with property disputes and infractions among his nobles
• What was the primary result of Luther’s time at the Wartburg 1521-22?
• Some 50 in number, these territories dominated the commercial and financial life of the Holy Roman Empireand provided a great deal of support to Luther
• Which of the following is true concerning the work of Thomas Cromwell?
• Popular anti-clericalism, a major theme of Renaissance literature, is evident in which of the following?
• The religious ideas of Thomas Müntzer could best be described as…
• “What is good, useful, and beautiful and is not contrary to Scripture” refers to which of the following?
• He is considered to be the ‘godfather’ of the Hapsburg family fortune, the great match-maker ofEurope.
• Perhaps the most important innovation of Calvin’s reformed Church was…
• What did the Peace of Kappel (1531) secure?
• Proclaiming it the ‘New Jerusalem’, tens of thousands of Anabaptist zealots converged upon this city in 1534, proclaimed the reign of the saints, communalized all property, and ruled by revolutionary terror (until they themselves were hanged when the old aristocracy reconquered the city)
• Anabapism was particularly appealing to which of the following groups?
• The buying and selling of ecclesiastical office is known as what?
• What was the result of the Stockholm Bloodbath?
• Why did Martin Luther survive his initial attack upon the Church?
• Which of the following better reflects the situation of women under Protestantism in the 16th and 17th centuries?
• To what does Cuius Regio, Eius Religio refer?
• Full English sovereignty was established by Henry VIII in 1533 by destroying Rome’s judicial authority within England. How was this achieved?
• What was a consequence of the Fifth Lateran Council?
• Which of the following better characterizes Erasmus’ position with regard to Church reform?
• Why was the Schmalkaldic League formed in 1531?
• What treaty secured peace among Lutheran and Catholic princes of the Empire in 1555?
• Where did Luther appear before the Imperial princes and made his famous “Hier stehe ich” speech?
• What were the chief differences (on doctrine and authority) between Calvin and Luther?
• Which of the following was not a demand made by German peasants during the rebellions of the 1520s?
• What were the consequences of Luther’s meeting with Johann Eck at Leipzig in 1520?
• What is the argument of Max Weber’s enduring thesis concerning Protestantism?
• Where did Calvin set up his model Christian community?
• What was a primary significance of Regnans in excelcis?
• The humanist John Colet created the first what in Europe?
• In terms of religion, how did Scandinavia end up following the Reformation?
• Which of the following better characterizes England when Henry VIII was crowned in 1509?
• Which of the following better characterizes the religious situation in Englandat the end of the reign of Henry VIII in 1546?
• Who was Queen Elizabeth’s mother?
• Which of the following better exemplifies Thomas More’s attitude towards the state?
• The 42 Articles and Book of Common Prayer are doctrinally linked more closely with which religious tradition?
• Why was Johann Tetzel at work in Brandenburg anyway in 1517?
• The ‘Field of Cloth of Gold’ is a good example of which of the following?
• In Book One of Utopia, Thomas More argues which of the following points about the death penalty?
• This family’s conversion to Lutheranism and subsequent seizure of the lands of the Teutonic Knights made them dukes of Prussia and powerful landholders in northern Poland
• Which of the following social problems was not addressed in Book One of Utopia?
• Which of the following cities would you think more prone to persecuting witchcraft in the 16th and 17th centuries?